Pour pouvoir joindre un contrôleur de domaine, il faut configurer le serveur de DNS de la machine.
Par exemple, avec /etc/resolv.conf

/etc/resolv.conf

search domain.tld
nameserver 192.168.4.2

Pour commencer, on va installer les packets nécessaires (ignorez les configurations demandées):

# apt install acl attr samba krb5-user krb5-config winbind smbclient libnss-winbind

Il vous faudra commencer par arrêter samba :

# systemctl stop nmbd smbd winbind

Il vous faudra modifier la configuration de samba :

/etc/samba/smb.conf

[global]
	workgroup = DOMAIN
	security = ADS
	realm = DOMAIN.TLD
 
	winbind refresh tickets = Yes
	vfs objects = acl_xattr
	map acl inherit = Yes
	store dos attributes = Yes
 
        log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
        max log size = 1000
        panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
        map to guest = Bad User
 
        dedicated keytab file = /etc/krb5.keytab
	kerberos method = secrets and keytab
 
	idmap config * : backend = tdb
	idmap config * : range = 3000-7999
 
	idmap config DOMAIN:backend = rid
	idmap config DOMAIN:schema_mode = rfc2307
	idmap config DOMAIN:range = 10000-999999
	idmap config DOMAIN:unix_nss_info = yes
	idmap config DOMAIN:default = yes
 
	template shell = /bin/false
	template homedir = /dev/null
 
	server role = member server
 
 
[Mon partage]
        path = /opt/Mon partage
        read only = No

Il vous faudra configurer Kerberos ¹⁾:

/etc/krb5.conf

[libdefaults]
    dns_lookup_realm = false
    dns_lookup_kdc = true
    default_realm = DOMAIN.TLD

Puis joindre le domaine :

# net ads join -U administrateur

Enter administrator's password: Passw0rd
Using short domain name -- DOMAIN
Joined 'fs' to dns domain 'domain.tld'

Il faudra ensuite ajouter winbind a la fin des deux lignes suivantes :

/etc/nsswitch.conf

# /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality.
# If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try:
# `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file.
 
passwd:         files systemd winbind
group:          files systemd winbind
shadow:         files
gshadow:        files
 
hosts:          files dns
networks:       files
 
protocols:      db files
services:       db files
ethers:         db files
rpc:            db files
 
netgroup:       nis

et pour finir démarrer les services

# systemctl start nmbd smbd winbind